Akwai nau'ikan bukatu da yawa a yau tare da ƙarancin bayani game da bambance-bambancen tsakanin su.Wataƙila kun tambayi kanku "wane tasiri zai fi dacewa ga aikace-aikacenku?"Ko kuma "ta yaya zan zabi mai ɗaukar nauyi?"Wannan talifin zai taimake ka ka amsa waɗannan tambayoyin.
Da farko, kuna buƙatar sanin cewa mafi yawan bearings tare da abin birgima sun faɗi cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu:
Ƙwallon ƙafa
Nadi bearings
A cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi, akwai ƙananan rukunoni na bearings waɗanda ke da fasali na musamman ko ingantattun ƙira don haɓaka aiki.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu rufe abubuwa huɗu da kuke buƙatar sani game da aikace-aikacen ku don zaɓar nau'in ɗaukar nauyi daidai.
Nemo Load & Ƙarfin Load
Gabaɗaya ana siffanta nauyin ɗaukar nauyi azaman abin da ya tilasta wani sashi ya sanya kan ma'auni yayin amfani.
Lokacin zabar abin da ya dace don aikace-aikacenku, da farko ya kamata ku nemo ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi.Matsakaicin nauyin nauyi shine adadin nauyin da mai ɗaukar nauyi zai iya ɗauka kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan yayin zabar ɗaukar nauyi.
Nauyin ɗaukar nauyi na iya ko dai ya zama axial (tuƙa), radial ko haɗuwa.
Ƙaunar axial (ko tura) mai ɗaukar nauyi shine lokacin da ƙarfi ya yi daidai da axis na shaft.
Load mai ɗaukar radial shine lokacin da ƙarfi ya kasance daidai da ramin.Sa'an nan haɗin kai mai ɗaukar nauyi shine lokacin da aka yi daidai da runduna ta kai tsaye suna samar da ƙarfin kusurwa dangane da shaft.
Yadda ƙwallo ke Rarraba lodi
An ƙera ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙwallaye masu sassauƙa kuma suna iya rarraba kaya a kan wani wuri mai matsakaicin girma.Suna yin aiki mafi kyau don ƙananan ƙananan-zuwa-matsakaici-matsakaici, yada lodi ta hanyar lamba ɗaya.
Da ke ƙasa akwai bayani mai sauri don nau'in ɗaukar nauyi da mafi kyawun ɗaukar ƙwallon don aikin:
Radial (madaidaicin madauri) da nauyi mai haske: Zaɓi ƙwal ɗin ƙwallon radial (wanda kuma aka sani da zurfin tsagi ball bearings).Radial bearings wasu daga cikin nau'ikan bearings na yau da kullun akan kasuwa.
Axial (tuntsi) (daidai da shaft) lodi: Zabi bugun ƙwallon ƙafa
Haɗe-haɗe, duka radial da axial, lodi: Zaɓi maɗaurin lamba na kusurwa.Kwallan suna tuntuɓar titin tsere a wani kusurwa wanda mafi kyawun goyan bayan kayan haɗin gwiwa.
Abubuwan Nadi & Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙarfafawa
An ƙera kayan nadi tare da rollers na siliki waɗanda za su iya rarraba kaya a kan wani yanki mai girma fiye da ƙwal.Sun kasance suna aiki mafi kyau don aikace-aikacen nauyi mai nauyi.
A ƙasa akwai bayani mai sauri don nau'in ɗaukar nauyi da mafi kyawun abin nadi don aikin:
Radial (madaidaicin madaidaicin shaft) lodi: Zaɓi daidaitattun abubuwan nadi na silinda
Axial (turawa) (daidai da shaft) lodi: Zaɓi abubuwan turawar silinda
Haɗe, duka radial da axial, lodi: Zaɓi abin nadi mai ɗaukar taper
Gudun Juyawa
Gudun jujjuyawar aikace-aikacenku shine abu na gaba da za ku duba yayin zabar ma'auni.
Idan aikace-aikacen ku zai yi aiki a cikin manyan juzu'i na juyawa, to, ƙwalƙwalwa yawanci zaɓi ne da aka fi so.Suna yin aiki mafi kyau a mafi girman gudu kuma suna ba da kewayon saurin gudu fiye da abin nadi.
Dalili ɗaya shi ne, tuntuɓar da ke tsakanin nau'in birgima da hanyoyin tsere a cikin ƙwallon ƙwallo maki ne maimakon layin lamba, kamar a cikin abin nadi.Saboda abubuwan da ke jujjuyawa suna danna cikin titin tsere yayin da suke birgima a saman, akwai ƙarancin nakasar da ke faruwa a cikin maƙallan maƙallan daga ƙwallon ƙwallon.
Ƙarfin Centrifugal da Bearings
Wani dalilin da yasa ƙwallon ƙwallon ya fi kyau don aikace-aikace masu sauri shine saboda dakarun centrifugal.Ƙarfin centrifugal an bayyana shi azaman ƙarfin da ke tura waje akan jikin da ke kewaya wata cibiya kuma ya taso daga rashin kuzarin jiki.
Ƙarfin Centrifugal shine babban abin iyakancewa ga saurin ɗaukar nauyi saboda yana juyewa zuwa nauyin radial da axial a kan ɗaukar nauyi.Tunda abin nadi nadi yana da yawan taro fiye da ɗaukar ball, abin nadi zai haifar da ƙarfin centrifugal mafi girma fiye da ɗaukar ball iri ɗaya.
Rage Ƙarfin Centrifugal tare da Kayan Kwallan yumbu
Wani lokaci saurin aikace-aikacen yana sama da ƙimar saurin ɗaukar ƙwallon ƙwallon.
Idan wannan ya faru, mafita mai sauƙi kuma gama gari shine canza kayan ƙwallon ƙwallon daga karfe zuwa yumbu.Wannan yana riƙe girman ɗaukar hoto iri ɗaya amma yana ba da ƙimar ƙimar mafi girma kusan 25%.Tunda kayan yumbu sun fi ƙarfe wuta, ƙwallayen yumbu suna haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfin centrifugal don kowane gudun da aka ba.
Aikace-aikace Mai Saurin Aiki Mafi Kyau tare da Haɗin Tuntuɓar Kuɗi
Abubuwan tuntuɓar maƙwabta sune mafi kyawun zaɓi don aikace-aikace masu sauri.Dalili ɗaya shine ƙwallayen ƙananan ƙwallo kuma ƙananan ƙwallo sun yi nauyi kuma suna haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfi yayin juyawa.Har ila yau, maƙallan tuntuɓar maƙwabta suna da ginanniyar riga-kafi a kan bearings waɗanda ke aiki tare da rundunonin centrifugal don mirgine ƙwallan da kyau a cikin ɗamarar.
Idan kuna zana aikace-aikacen mai sauri, to kuna son ɗaukar madaidaicin madaidaici, yawanci a cikin ajin daidaitaccen ABEC 7.
Ƙaƙwalwar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ɗaki yana da girman “ɗakin juyawa” lokacin da aka kera shi fiye da madaidaicin madaidaici.Sabili da haka, lokacin da ake amfani da igiya a cikin babban gudu, ƙwallo suna sauri suna birgima a kan titin tsere tare da ƙarancin aminci wanda zai iya haifar da rashin ƙarfi.
Ana ƙera manyan madaidaicin bearings tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi kuma suna da ɗan bambanci daga ƙayyadaddun bayanai lokacin samarwa.Madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin abin dogara ga aikace-aikacen da ke tafiya da sauri saboda suna tabbatar da kyakkyawar hulɗar ƙwallon ƙafa da hanyar tsere.
Bayar da Runout & Rigidity
Ƙarƙashin gudu shine adadin da shaft ke kewayawa daga cibiyarsa na geometric yayin da yake juyawa.Wasu aikace-aikacen, kamar yankan kayan aiki, za su ba da izinin ɗan ƙaramin juzu'i kawai ya faru akan abubuwan da ke juyawa.
Idan kuna aikin injiniya ne irin wannan aikace-aikacen, to, zaɓi babban madaidaicin ɗaukar hoto saboda zai haifar da ƙaramar tsarin runouts saboda tsananin haƙurin da aka ƙera zuwa.
Ƙarƙashin ƙarfi shine juriya ga ƙarfin da ke haifar da shaft ɗin ya karkata daga kusurwoyinsa kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage saurin gudu.Ƙunƙarar ɗaukar nauyi ta fito ne daga hulɗar abin birgima tare da titin tsere.Da yawan abin da ake danna birgima a cikin titin tseren, yana haifar da nakasu na roba, mafi girman rashin ƙarfi.
An rarraba taurin kai ta hanyar:
Axial rigidity
Radial rigidity
Mafi girman ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi, ƙarin ƙarfin da ake buƙata don motsa shaft lokacin amfani da shi.
Bari mu kalli yadda wannan ke aiki tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin lamba ta kusurwa.Waɗannan bearings yawanci suna zuwa tare da ƙera diyya tsakanin titin tseren ciki da na waje.Lokacin da aka shigar da bearings na angular, ana cire kashewa wanda ke sa ƙwallayen danna cikin titin tsere ba tare da wani ƙarfin aikace-aikacen waje ba.Ana kiran wannan preloading kuma tsarin yana ƙara ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi tun kafin ma'aunin ya ga kowane ƙarfin aikace-aikacen.
Maganin shafawa
Sanin buƙatun man shafawa na ku yana da mahimmanci don zabar madaidaicin bearings kuma yana buƙatar yin la'akari da farkon ƙirar aikace-aikacen.Lubrication mara kyau yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawa.
Lubrication yana haifar da fim ɗin mai tsakanin nau'in birgima da hanyar tsere wanda ke taimakawa hana gogayya da zafi fiye da kima.
Mafi yawan nau'in lubrication shine maiko, wanda ya ƙunshi mai tare da wakili mai kauri.Wakilin mai kauri yana kiyaye mai a wurin, don haka ba zai bar abin da yake ɗauka ba.Yayin da ball (ɗaukar ƙwallon ƙafa) ko abin nadi (abin nadi) yana mirgina kan maiko, wakilin mai kauri ya rabu yana barin fim ɗin mai kawai tsakanin abin birgima da titin tsere.Bayan abin birgima ya wuce, mai da ma'adinan mai kauri suna haɗuwa tare.
Don aikace-aikace masu sauri, sanin saurin da mai da mai kauri zai iya rabuwa da sake haɗuwa yana da mahimmanci.Ana kiran wannan aikace-aikacen ko mai ɗauke da ƙimar n*dm.
Kafin ka zaɓi man shafawa, kana buƙatar nemo ƙimar ndm aikace-aikacen ku.Don yin wannan, ninka aikace-aikacenku na RPM ta hanyar diamita na tsakiyar ƙwallo a cikin ɗaukar hoto (dm).Kwatanta darajar ndm ɗinku zuwa madaidaicin ƙimar maiko, wanda ke kan takaddar bayanan.
Idan ƙimar n*dm ɗinku ta fi ƙimar saurin man shafawa akan takaddar bayanan, to man ɗin ba zai iya samar da isasshiyar man shafawa ba kuma gazawar da ba ta kai ba zata faru.
Wani zaɓi na man shafawa don aikace-aikacen mai sauri shine tsarin hazo mai wanda ke haɗa mai da iska mai matsa sannan kuma a yi masa allurar cikin titin tseren da ke ɗauke da mitoci.Wannan zaɓin ya fi tsada fiye da mai maiko saboda yana buƙatar tsarin haɗewa na waje da tsarin aunawa da tace iska.Koyaya, tsarin hazo mai yana ba da damar bearings yin aiki cikin sauri mafi girma yayin samar da ƙaramin adadin zafi fiye da ɗigon mai mai.
Don aikace-aikacen ƙananan sauri, wanka mai mai ya zama ruwan dare.Wankan mai shine lokacin da wani yanki na abin hawa ya nutse cikin mai.Domin bearings da za su yi aiki a cikin matsanancin yanayi, za a iya amfani da busasshen man shafawa a maimakon man mai mai tushe, amma tsawon rayuwar abin da aka yi amfani da shi yana raguwa saboda yanayin fim ɗin mai ya rushe cikin lokaci.Akwai wasu abubuwa guda biyu waɗanda ya kamata a yi la'akari da su yayin zabar mai don aikace-aikacen ku, duba labarinmu mai zurfi "Duk abin da kuke Bukatar Sanin Game da Lubrication.
Takaitawa: Yadda Ake Zaban Ƙarfi
Yadda za a zabar abin da ya dace don aikace-aikacenku:
Nemo Load & Ƙarfin Load
Da farko, san nau'in da adadin nauyin ɗaukar nauyi wanda aikace-aikacenku zai sanya akan ɗaukar nauyi.Ƙananan-zuwa-matsakaici-matsakaici yawanci suna aiki mafi kyau tare da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwallon ƙafa.Aikace-aikace masu nauyi yawanci suna aiki mafi kyau tare da abin nadi.
Sanin Juyawa Gudun Aikace-aikacenku
Ƙayyade saurin juyawa na aikace-aikacen ku.Maɗaukakin gudu (RPM) yawanci yana aiki mafi kyau tare da ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ƙananan gudu yawanci yana aiki mafi kyau tare da abin nadi.
Factor in Bearing Runout & Rigidity
Hakanan kuna son sanin irin runout aikace-aikacenku zai ba da izini.Idan aikace-aikacen ya ba da damar ƙananan ƙetare kawai su faru, to, ɗaukar ƙwallo ita ce mafi kyawun zaɓinku.
Nemo madaidaicin man shafawa don buƙatun ku
Don aikace-aikace masu sauri, ƙididdige ƙimar n*dm ɗin ku, kuma idan ya fi ƙarfin max ɗin man shafawa, to man ɗin ba zai iya samar da isassun man shafawa ba.Akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka kamar hazo mai.Don aikace-aikacen ƙananan sauri, wanka mai mai shine zabi mai kyau.
Tambayoyi?Injiniyoyin mu na kan layi za su so su yi magana tare da ku kuma su taimaka muku zaɓi mafi kyawun tasiri don aikace-aikacen ku.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-16-2022